A large 2008 meta-analysis stated that homosexuals/bisexuals as compared to heterosexuals had increased risk for depression and anxiety disorders, alcohol and other substance dependence, and suicide attempt. The results were similar for both sexes, but female homosexuals/bisexuals had a particularly large risk for substance dependence, while male homosexuals/bisexuals had a particularly large risk for suicide attempt.
King M, Semlyen J, Tai SS, Killaspy H, Osborn D, Popelyuk D et al. (2008) A systematic review of mental disorder, suicide, and deliberate self harm in lesbian, gay and bisexual people. BMC Psychiatry 8 ():70.
Source 1: https://web.archive.org/web/20200725193152/https://bmcpsychiatry.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/1471-244X-8-70
Source 2: https://web.archive.org/web/20200725193243/https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/18706118/
A 2010 twin study in Sweden stated that "Rates of depression, generalized anxiety disorder (GAD), eating disorders, alcohol dependence and attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) were increased among men and women with same-sex sexual experiences."
Frisell T, Lichtenstein P, Rahman Q, Långström N (2010) Psychiatric morbidity associated with same-sex sexual behaviour: influence of minority stress and familial factors. Psychol Med 40 (2):315-24.
Source: https://web.archive.org/web/20200725193622/https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/19460186/
A higher frequency of bipolar disease, obsessive-compulsive disorders, and phobias have been reported for homosexual men as compared to heterosexual men.
Sandfort TG, de Graaf R, Bijl RV, Schnabel P (2001) Same-sex sexual behavior and psychiatric disorders: findings from the Netherlands Mental Health Survey and Incidence Study (NEMESIS). Arch Gen Psychiatry 58 (1):85-91.
Source: https://web.archive.org/web/20200725193833/https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/11146762/
Studies have also stated a higher frequency of psychotic symptoms and psychotic illnesses such as schizophrenia in homosexuals. Also, a higher frequency of certain personality disorders has been reported.
Bolton SL, Sareen J (2011) Sexual orientation and its relation to mental disorders and suicide attempts: findings from a nationally representative sample. Can J Psychiatry 56 (1):35-43.
Source: https://web.archive.org/web/20200725194105/https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/21324241/
Gevonden MJ, Selten JP, Myin-Germeys I, de Graaf R, ten Have M, van Dorsselaer S et al. (2014) Sexual minority status and psychotic symptoms: findings from the Netherlands Mental Health Survey and Incidence Studies (NEMESIS). Psychol Med 44 (2):421-33.
Source: https://web.archive.org/web/20200725194253/https://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/psychological-medicine/article/sexual-minority-status-and-psychotic-symptoms-findings-from-the-netherlands-mental-health-survey-and-incidence-studies-nemesis/F4C594FEF2BAA2EA065FBB70BA1240B9
No comments:
Post a Comment